Ivan IV Vasilyevich (known in English as Ivan the Terrible) was Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 until his death. His long reign saw the conquest of the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia, transforming Russia into a multiethnic state spanning almost one billion acres. Ivan managed countless changes in the progression from a mediaeval state to an empire and emerging regional power, and became the first ruler to be crowned as Tsar of all Russia. Ivan's legacy is complex: he was an able diplomat, a patron of arts and trade, founder of the Russia's first Print Yard, but he is also remembered for his paranoiac suspiciousness and cruel persecution of nobility.