- Industry: Government
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The dose of radiation expected to cause death to 50 percent of an exposed population within 30 days (LD 50/30). Typically, the LD 50/30 is in the range from 400 to 450 rem (4 to 5 sieverts) received over a very short period.
Industry:Energy
A Greek prefix meaning "thousand" in the nomenclature of the metric system. This prefix multiplies a unit by 1000.
Industry:Energy
The energy that a body possesses by virtue of its mass and velocity. Also called the energy of motion.
Industry:Energy
A process by which the relative abundance of the isotopes of a given element are altered, thus producing a form of the element that has been enriched in one particular isotope and depleted in its other isotopic forms.
Industry:Energy
The process of separating isotopes from one another, or changing their relative abundances, as by gaseous diffusion or electromagnetic separation. Isotope separation is a step in the isotopic enrichment process.
Industry:Energy
Alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, x-rays, neutrons, high-speed electrons, high-speed protons, and other particles capable of producing ions. Radiation does not include non-ionizing radiation, such as radio- or microwaves, or visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light.
Industry:Energy
Two or more forms (or atomic configurations) of a given element that have identical atomic numbers (the same number of protons in their nuclei) and the same or very similar chemical properties but different atomic masses (different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei) and distinct physical properties. Thus, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 are isotopes of the element carbon, and the numbers denote the approximate atomic masses. Among their distinct physical properties, some isotopes (known as radioisotopes) are radioactive because their nuclei emit radiation as they strive toward a more stable nuclear configuration. For example, carbon-12 and carbon-13 are stable, but carbon-14 is unstable and radioactive.
Industry:Energy
Exposure to ionizing radiation. Irradiation may be intentional, such as in cancer treatments or in sterilizing medical instruments. Irradiation may also be accidental, such as being exposed to an unshielded source. Irradiation does not usually result in radioactive contamination, but damage can occur, depending on the dose received.
Industry:Energy
