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Artificial intelligence (AI)
The use of programmes to enable machines to perform tasks which humans perform using their intelligence. Early AI avoided human psychological models, but this orientation has been altered by the development of connectionism, which is based on theories of how the brain works. In connectionism, complex functions, including learning, involve the transmission of information along pathways formed among large arrays of simple elements. AI raised questions about the conditions, if any, in which we would be justified in ascribing mental attributes to purely physical systems.
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