Toxicology

Toxicology

A branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms, as well as the symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people.

Industry: Biology; Chemistry

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Toxicology

Certified reference material (CRM)

Biology; Toxicology

Reference material, accompanied by documentation issued by an authoritative body and referring to valid procedures used to obtain a specified property value with uncertainty and traceability. Example: ...

Ames test

Biology; Toxicology

In vitro test for mutagenicity using mutant strains of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium which cannot grow in a given histidine-deficient medium: mutagens can cause reverse mutations which enable ...

Detriment

Biology; Toxicology

Estimated measure of the expected harm or loss associated with an adverse event, usually in a manner chosen to facilitate meaningful addition over different events. It is generally the integrated ...

Acute toxicity

Biology; Toxicology

1. Adverse effects of finite duration occurring within a short time (up to 14 d) after administration of a single dose (or exposure to a given concentration) of a test substance or after multiple ...

Case control study

Biology; Toxicology

Study which starts with the identification of persons with the disease (or other outcome variable) of interest, and a suitable control (comparison, reference) group of persons without the disease. ...

Limited evidence

Biology; Toxicology

According to the US EPA's guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, "limited evidence" is a collection of facts and accepted scientific inferences that suggests that an agent may be causing an ...

Intestinal reabsorption

Biology; Toxicology

Absorption further down the intestinal tract of a substance or substances that have been absorbed before and subsequently excreted into the intestinal tract, usually through the bile.