Toxicology

Toxicology

A branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms, as well as the symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people.

Industry: Biology; Chemistry

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Toxicology

Pseudo-acceptable daily intake (PADI)

Biology; Toxicology

Intake for a substance derived by applying a thousandfold uncertainty factor to the lowest low-effect level for noncarcinogenic endpoints.

Polymorphism (polymorphia) in metabolism

Biology; Toxicology

Interindividual variations in metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds due to genetic influences, leading to enhanced side effects or toxicity of drugs (for example, poor versus fast ...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)

Biology; Toxicology

Intermediates in the reduction of molecular dioxygen O2 to water. Note: Examples are superoxide anion O2-•, hydrogen peroxide H2O2, and hydroxyl radical HO•.

Photo-irritation

Biology; Toxicology

Inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to light, especially that due to metabolites formed in the skin by photolysis.

Antonym vasoconstriction

Biology; Toxicology

Increase in the calibre of the blood vessels, leading to an increased blood flow.

Progression in oncology

Biology; Toxicology

Increase in the size of a tumour or spread of cancer in the body.

Rate difference (RD)

Biology; Toxicology

Absolute difference between two rates. Note 1: For example, the difference in incidence rate between a population group exposed to a causal factor and a population group not exposed to the ...