This a meeting carried out once every two years, the commonwealth leaders meet to discuss global and economic issues, and to agree on collective policies and initiatives. These summits provide a unique forum for consultation at the highest level of government. They are organised by the host nation in collaboration with commonwealth secretariat. After the opening ceremony which is always a public gathering leaders meet privately in a retreat. This is an informal meeting encouraging frank exchange of views and decisions are normally reached by consensus. Issues usually discussed include international peace and security, education, good governance, human rights, gender equality, information and communication technology.