In 30 B. C, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus became ruler of the empire that had been conquered by Rome in the previous three centuries. During his 44 year reign, he introduced many institutions and ideologies that combined traditions of Republican Rome with realities of kingship. In 27 B. C the honorific title of Augustus was conferred unto him, an adjective with connotations of dignity and stateliness. His portrait was created; many versions of his portrait are on coins, gems, busts, monumental reliefs and statues.