Fermat's Last Theorem was first compiled in 1637 by Pierre de Fermat, a French mathematician, in the margin of Arithmetica, a text about mathematics. It wasn't until 1995 that a successful proof was found and published, as de Fermat claimed the proof was too large to fit alongside the equation in the margin.

The theorem states that if a, b, and c are not equal and n is greater than 2, than no three positive integers can satisfy the equation:

aⁿ + bⁿ = cⁿ