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Fourier transformation

An analysis based on Fourier's theorem that any periodic function may be reduced to a series of sine and cosine terms, each represented by an amplitude and a phase. The transformation is the casting of data for a periodic phenomenon into such an alternative form, or the reconstruction of the phenomenon from its mathematical expression, e.g. reconstruction of a molecular model of a compound from an analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern of its crystal, which is a three-dimensional periodic structure.

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