Han purple (also called Chinese purple ) is asynthetic barium copper silicate pigment that was developed in China at least 2,000 years ago. Han purple was used in ancient and imperial China from the Western Zhou period (1207-771 BC) until the end of the Han dynasty (c. 220 AD).

Han purple has the chemical formula BaCuSi2O6. It has a layered structure with isolated 4-ring silicates, and contains a copper-copper bond which makes the compound quite unstable. It fades and decomposes in dilute acid. Han purple starts to decompose at temperatures more than 1050 - 1100 °C and forms a green-black glass at around 1200 °C.