The Mau Mau Rebellion (also known as the Mau Mau Uprising, the Mau Mau Revolt, and the Kenya Emergency) was a military conflict that took place from 1952 until 1960 in Kenya, between the predominatly Kikuyu group of Kenyan nationalists and anti-colonialists known as the Mau Mau, and the British Army as well as those Kikuyu who were anti-Mau Mau.

The movement was violently repressed and the capture of Mau Mau leader Dedan Kimathi on 21 October 1956 heralded its ultimate defeat.

The aftermath of the uprising caused tensions between the colonial community in Kenya and the British government in London at the time, as well as divisions within the native Kenyan Kikuyu communities.

New archival evidence of a massacre that went unprosecuted during the conflict was brought to light by the U.K. Foreign Office in 2012.