A doctor of optometry is a non-medical primary eye health care provider who specialises in the examination, diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of diseases and disorders of the visual system. Optometrists today most often complete a bachelor of science degree (with very specific requirements) followed by an optometry degree programme that requires four to eight years to complete. Patient contact begins in the second professional year with the final year being a full 12-month internship. Many optometrists include the provision of contact lens and spectacle devices as part of their daily practice. The optometrist may also prescribe medications, depending on local licencing practices. Visit ophthalmology, optometry, and opticianry, to compare the three disciplines of eye care.