Phosphorylation

The chemical attachment of phosphorous to a molecule, usually associated with the storage of energy in the covalent bond that is also formed. Example: attachment of the third ...

phosphorylation

Chemistry; Organic chemistry

The esterification of compounds with phosphoric acid.

phosphorylation

Agriculture; Rice science

Biological process by which proteins are 'decorated' with phosphate groups derived from ATP. The process alters the biological activity of the protein, thereby facilitating a form ...

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Biotechnology; Genetic engineering

The usually fatal human disease in which the immune system is destroyed by a retrovirus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV). The virus infects and destroys helper T-cells, which ...

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Biotechnology; Genetic engineering

A procedure that amplifies a particular DNA sequence. It involves multiple cycles of denaturation , annealing to oligonucleotide primers, and extension (polynucleotide ...

genotype

Biotechnology; Genetic engineering

1. The genetic constitution (gene makeup) of an organism. 2. The pair of alleles at a particular locus, e.g., Aa or aa . 3. The sum total of all pairs of alleles at all loci ...

collenchyma

Biotechnology; Genetic engineering

A tissue of living cells, the walls being unevenly thickened with cellulose and hemicellulose, but never lignified; it functions in mechanical support in young, short-lived or ...