One of a set of three angles (q₁, q₂, q₃) specifying the orientation of the axes (x,y,z) of one rectangular, Cartesian coordinate system with respect to the corresponding axes (X,Y,Z) of another. Rotations generating the angles are about each of the x,y,z axes, successively, in their original positions. In general, the amounts of rotation required to obtain the needed angles are not simply described. If, however, the axes of the two systems are close together, the pseudo Cardan angles are approximately the same as the Cardan angles. Pseudo Cardan angles have been used in photogrammetry.