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General chemistry
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General chemistry
Helmholtz free energy
Chemistry; General chemistry
A thermodynamic property that can be used to predict whether a process will occur spontaneously at constant volume and temperature. Helmholtz free energy A is defined as A = U - TS where U, T and S ...
Hertz
Chemistry; General chemistry
The SI unit of frequency , equal to one cycle of the wave per second (s-1).
Hund's rule
Chemistry; General chemistry
A rule of thumb stating that subshells fill so that the number of unpaired spins is maximized, or "spread them out and line them up."
Lewis structure
Chemistry; General chemistry
A model pioneered by Gilbert N. Lewis and Irving Langmuir that represents the electronic structure of a molecule by writing the valence electrons of atoms as dots. Pairs of dots (or lines) wedged ...
Newtonian fluid
Chemistry; General chemistry
A fluid whose viscosity doesn't depend on gradients in flow speed. Gases and low-molecular weight liquids are usually Newtonian fluids.
Non-Newtonian fluid
Chemistry; General chemistry
A fluid whose viscosity changes when the gradient in flow speed changes. Colloidal suspensions and polymer solutions like ketchup and starch/water paste are non-Newtonian fluids.
Pauli principle
Chemistry; General chemistry
No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers. Because the n, , and m quantum numbers address a particular orbital, and because the ms quantum number has only two possible ...
