General chemistry

General chemistry

Industry: Chemistry

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General chemistry

Vitamin

Chemistry; General chemistry

A substance that is critical for proper functioning of a living organism that the organism is unable to produce in sufficient quantities for itself.

Congener

Chemistry; General chemistry

1. Elements belonging to the same group on the periodic table. For example, sodium and potassium are congeners. 2. Compounds produced by identical synthesis reactions and procedures.

Isotope

Chemistry; General chemistry

Atoms or ions of an element with different numbers of neutrons in their atomic nucleus . Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass number . Isotopes have very similar chemical ...

The second law states that every spontaneous process causes a net increase in the entropy of the universe. Many alternative statements are possible, including: Heat cannot be converted to work via ...

Atomic number

Chemistry; General chemistry

The number representing an element which corresponds with the number of protons within the nucleus.

Free radical

Chemistry; General chemistry

A free radical is a molecule with an odd number of electrons. Free radicals do not have a completed octet and often undergo vigorous redox reactions. Free radicals produced within cells can react ...

Penetration

Chemistry; General chemistry

Electrons in penetrating orbitals can reach the nucleus. The n and quantum numbers determine how well an orbital penetrates. Lower n and lower values mean better penetration. A low n value means ...