Human genome

Human genome

The human genome consists of 23 chromosome and the small mitochondrial DNA. 22 of the 23 chromosomes are autosomal chromosome pairs and the last one being a gender-determining pair. In total, the human genome contains the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA and approximately 20,000-25,000 genes. By understanding human genome, scientists are able to develop new medical applications that can significantly advance the state of health care.

Industry: Biology; Medical

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Human genome

DNA damage

Medical; Human genome

1) Drug or radiation effects on DNA that interfere with normal function, including conformational distortions and covalent gene mutations. 2) Drug- or radiation-induced injuries in DNA that ...

Crossing over

Medical; Human genome

1) The exchange of a segment of DNA between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis leading to a novel combination of genetic material in the offspring 2) Crossing over is the swapping of genetic ...

DNA repair gene

Medical; Human genome

1) DNA repair genes encode DNA repair proteins, involved in enzymatic restoration of DNA structure after chemical, radiation, or spontaneous damage. (NCI) 2) Genes encoding proteins that correct ...

Contiguous gene syndrome

Medical; Human genome

A syndrome caused by a microdeletion that spans two or more genes tandemly positioned along a chromosome. Microdeletion is often too small to be visualised using conventional cytogenetic techniques; ...

Cytokinesis

Medical; Human genome

1) The cytoplasmic changes accompanying mitosis. 2) Cleavage of the cytoplasm into daughter cells following nuclear division.

Demyelination

Medical; Human genome

The state resulting from the loss or destruction of myelin; also: the process of such loss or destruction.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Medical; Human genome

1) The molecules inside cells that carry genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next. 2) DNA is the chemical name for the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all ...