Toxicology

Toxicology

A branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms, as well as the symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people.

Industry: Biology; Chemistry

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Toxicology

Absolute lethal dose

Biology; Toxicology

LD 100 . Lowest amount of a substance which kills 100 % of test animals under defined conditions. Note: This value is dependent on the number of organisms used in its assessment.

Dermal irritation

Biology; Toxicology

Skin reaction resulting from a single or multiple exposure to a physical or chemical entity at the same site, characterised by the presence of inflammation; it may result in cell death.

Long-term exposure

Biology; Toxicology

Continued exposure or exposures occurring over an extended period of time, or a significant fraction of the test species' or of the group of individuals', or of the population's life-time.

Biomass

Biology; Toxicology

1. Total amount of biotic material, usually expressed per unit surface area or volume, in a medium such as water. 2. Material produced by the growth of micro-organisms, plants or animals.

Chronic exposure

Biology; Toxicology

Continued exposure or exposures occurring over an extended period of time, or a significant fraction of the test species' or of the group of individuals', or of the population's life-time.

Accuracy

Biology; Toxicology

Quantity referring to the differences between the mean of a set of results or an individual result and the value which is accepted as the true or correct value for the quantity measured.

Bolus

Biology; Toxicology

1. Single dose of a substance, originally a large pill. 2. Dose of a substance administered by a single rapid intravenous injection. 3. Concentrated mass of food ready to be swallowed.