Toxicology

Toxicology

A branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms, as well as the symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people.

Industry: Biology; Chemistry

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Toxicology

Benchmark dose (BMD)

Biology; Toxicology

Statistically calculated lower 95% confidence limit on the dose that produces a defined response (called the benchmark response or BMR, usually 5% or 10%) of an adverse effect compared to background, ...

Area under the curve (AUC)

Biology; Toxicology

Area between a curve and the abscissa (horizontal axis), i. e. the area underneath the graph of a function: often, the area under the tissue (plasma) concentration curve of a substance expressed as a ...

Decontamination

Biology; Toxicology

Process of rendering harmless (by neutralization, elimination, removal etc.) a potentially toxic substance in the natural environment, laboratory areas, the workplace, other indoor areas, clothes, ...

Additive effect

Biology; Toxicology

Consequence which follows exposure to two or more physico-chemical agents which act jointly but do not interact: the total effect is the simple sum of the effects of separate exposures to the agents ...

Botulism

Biology; Toxicology

Acute food poisoning caused by botulinum toxin produced in food by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and characterised by muscle weakness and paralysis, disturbances of vision, swallowing, and ...

Critical effect

Biology; Toxicology

For deterministic effects, the first adverse effect which appears when the threshold (critical) concentration or dose is reached in the critical organ: adverse effects with no defined threshold ...

Estimated environmental concentration (EEC)

Biology; Toxicology

Predicted concentration of a substance, typically a pesticide, within an environmental compartment based on estimates of quantities released, discharge patterns and inherent disposition of the ...