An Antarctic CRC project to define the mechanisms underlying the formation of sea ice and its role on the formation of Antarctic Surface Waters and air–sea interaction. Specific goals including obtaining:

quantitative estimates of the rate of formation of Antarctic surface waters in the ice pack during winter,

quantitative estimates of the transfer of heat between ocean and atmosphere and the role of advection of surface and circumpolar deep water on these transfers, and;

a better understanding of the processes and mechanisms involving in the mixing of Polar Zone waters with complex zone waters near the Antarctic Shelf.