In ancient Rome, the Roman triumph (triumphus) was a civil ceremony and religious rite, held in order to publicly celebrate and sanctify the military achievement of an army commander who had won great military successes, or originally and traditionally, one who had successfully completed a foreign war. In Republican tradition, only the Senate could grant a triumph.

On the day of his triumph, the general wore regalia that identified him as near-divine or near-kingly, and a laurel wreath was held above his head. He rode in a chariot through the streets of Rome in unarmed procession with his army and the spoils of his war. At Jupiter's temple on the Capitoline Hill he offered sacrifice and the tokens of his victory to the god. Thereafter he had the right to be described as man of triumph ("vir triumphalis", later known as "triumphator") for the rest of his life.

Among others significant army commanders granted with one or more triumphs were Pompeius Magnus and Julius Caesar.