The early part of Louis XIV's reign (1643-1715) was a bad time for clockmaking, though watches were fashionable. The development of the pendulum caused renewed interest in clocks, leading to the introduction of the religieuse. Early influences on both the science and art of clock-making came from Holland, but the French soon outstripped their masters in both fields. Louis XIV was lavish in his patronage of all the arts and under his influence the decoration of the religieuse developed and other styles grew up. Designers like Daniel Marot and Andr?Charles Boulle produced sketches for clock cases, while members of the Martinot family produced equally fine clocks. Forms became somewhat stereotyped; the t阾e de poupe?form and the arch-topped, scroll-footed clock, now seen as typical of the period, succeeded the religieuse and continued into the Regency. Pedestal clocks were popular, both clock and pedestal heavy with ebonized mouldings and gilt-bronze mounts.