In a regulator for astronomical purposes the dial is usually arranged with separate circles for hours, minutes and seconds, the outer circle being for minutes and large subsidiary dials below and above the centre indicating hours and seconds. In some such regulators the motion work is dispensed with to reduce friction, necessitating separate setting for hour and minute hands. In England the seconds dial is usually above the centre and the hour dial below. In the United States, where E. Howard & Co. Produced most of the clocks of this type, the location is often reversed and the seconds indicated at the six o'clock position. A special light form of Graham escapement, with the anchor moving in the opposite direction to the pendulum, makes this feasible. Watchmakers' regulators were also made with this type of dial.