A profound loyalty to one's tribe, ethnic group, or nation and a rejection of others. Those who promote tribalism generally believe that globalism is a threat that must be overcome. A pattern of establishing ethnically "pure" nations through aggressive "ethnic cleansing" occurred in the former yugoslavia during the 1990's. Similar attempts to carve out tribal based nations have occurred in the former republics of the soviet union and in a number of african nations. Tribalism is a counter force to globalization.