Geology

Geology

The science that comprises the study of the solid Earth and the processes by which it is shaped and changed.

Contributors in Geology

Geology

"Mixed rock". A metamorphic rock that forms in one of two ways. The metamorphic rock may be heated enough to partially melt, but not completely. The molten minerals resolidify within the metamorphic ...

Mica

Earth science; Geology

Group of silicate minerals composed of varying amounts of aluminum, potassium, magnesium, iron and water. All micas form flat, plate-like crystals. Crystals cleave into smooth flakes. Biotite is ...

Lithosphere

Earth science; Geology

The outer layer of solid rock that includes the crust and uppermost mantle. This layer, up to 100 kilometres (60 miles) thick, forms the Earth's tectonic plates. Tectonic plates float above the more ...

Melange

Earth science; Geology

Mixture of rocks formed by tectonic disruption, such as multiple faulting, which brings disparate rock types together. Usually consists of a matrix of weak material, like shale, with hard pieces of ...

Lithification

Earth science; Geology

The conversion of loose sediment into solid sedimentary rock. Several processes, including compaction of grains, filling of spaces between grains with mineral cement, and crystallisation act to ...

Metamorphic rock

Earth science; Geology

A rock that has undergone chemical or structural changes produced by increase in heat or pressure, or by replacement of elements by hot, chemically active fluids.

Limonite

Earth science; Geology

A mineral composed of iron oxides and water. Rust. Very common in many rocks after weathering at the Earth's surface. Imparts brown or yellow colours to many rocks.