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Abscisic acid
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an isoprenoid plant hormone that plays an important part in plant responses to environmental stress and plant pathogens. ABA is produced in terminal buds where it contributes to dormancy and scale formation. Although it can be produced in leaves, it is also produced in other organs including roots in response to decreased soil water potential and is translocated to the leaves, where it rapidly alters the osmotic potential of stomatal guard cells, causing them to shrink and stomata to close. The ABA-induced stomatal closure reduces transpiration, thus preventing further water loss from the leaves in times of low water availability.
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