A document that expresses mutual accord on an issue between two or more parties.

Memoranda of understanding are generally recognised as binding, even if no legal claim could be based on the rights and obligations laid down in them. To be legally operative, a memorandum of understanding must (1) identify the contracting parties, (2) spell out the subject matter of the agreement and its objectives, (3) summarise the essential terms of the agreement, and (4) must be signed by the contracting parties. Also called letter of intent.