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Biochemistry
The scientific study of the chemistry of living matter.
Industry: Biology; Biotechnology
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Biochemistry
Bioreactor
Biology; Biochemistry
A vessel and ancillary equipment used for the growth of cells. The bioreactor may be designed to maintain temperature and levels of oxygen and nutrients and to monitor cell density, nutrient or ...
Buffer capacity
Biology; Biochemistry
A measure of the ability of a solution to maintain its pH in the face of the addition of acid or alkali; a capacity of 1 when 1 mol of acid (or alkali) is added to 1 litre causes a pH fall (or rise) ...
RNA interference (RNAi)
Biology; Biochemistry
The phenomenon of gene silencing effected by the interaction of a double-stranded RNA, approx. 22 bp long, with the cognate genomic DNA sequence. The RNA-DNA complex is subject to hydrolysis by a ...
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Biology; Biochemistry
The RNA that serves in protein synthesis as an interface between mRNA and amino acids. It carries an anticodon sequence that pairs bases with a codon of mRNA, and it binds an amino acid at its 3'-end ...
Electron sink
Biology; Biochemistry
In discussions of enzyme mechanisms, a group that can pull electrons from a reactive centre and thus stabilise an electron-deficient intermediate or transition state, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate ...
Mitochondrion
Biology; Biochemistry
An organelle of eukaryotic cells that is the site of oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation, etc., and is composed of a relatively permeable outer membrane and a deeply ...
Bohr effect
Biology; Biochemistry
The decrease in the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen that occurs when the haemoglobin solution is made more acid above pH 6. The opposite occurs below pH 6; hence the physiological phenomenon is ...