Human genome

Human genome

The human genome consists of 23 chromosome and the small mitochondrial DNA. 22 of the 23 chromosomes are autosomal chromosome pairs and the last one being a gender-determining pair. In total, the human genome contains the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA and approximately 20,000-25,000 genes. By understanding human genome, scientists are able to develop new medical applications that can significantly advance the state of health care.

Industry: Biology; Medical

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Human genome

First-degree relative

Medical; Human genome

1) Any relative who is one meiosis away from a particular individual in a family (i.e., parent, sibling, offspring. ) 2) A first degree relative is a family member who shares about 50 percent of ...

Fragile sites

Medical; Human genome

1) Specific loci that show up during karyotyping as a gap (an uncondensed stretch in closer views) on a chromatid arm after culturing cells under specific conditions. These sites are associated with ...

Germ cells

Medical; Human genome

1) The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms. 2) Gametes, also known as sex cells or germ cells, are the cells that come together during fertilisation or conception in organisms that ...

Gonad

Medical; Human genome

1) A gamete-producing reproductive gland (as an ovary or testis). 2) The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testicle/testis).

Growth factor

Medical; Human genome

1) Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation. 2) Substances made by the body that function to regulate cell division and cell survival. Some growth ...

Granuloma

Medical; Human genome

1) A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. 2) A mass or nodule of chronically inflamed tissue with ...

Hemidesmosome

Medical; Human genome

1) An anchoring junction of the cell to a non-cellular substrate, similar in morphology to halves of desmosomes. They are composed of specialised areas of the plasma membrane where intermediate ...