Human genome

Human genome

The human genome consists of 23 chromosome and the small mitochondrial DNA. 22 of the 23 chromosomes are autosomal chromosome pairs and the last one being a gender-determining pair. In total, the human genome contains the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA and approximately 20,000-25,000 genes. By understanding human genome, scientists are able to develop new medical applications that can significantly advance the state of health care.

Industry: Biology; Medical

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Human genome

Gene conversion

Medical; Human genome

The transfer of DNA sequences between two homologous genes, most often by unequal crossing over during meiosis; can be a mechanism for mutation if the transfer of material disrupts the coding ...

Golgi apparatus

Medical; Human genome

1) A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and directing them to secretory vesicles, ...

Fluorescent in situ hybridization

Medical; Human genome

1) Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a laboratory technique for detecting and locating a specific DNA sequence on a chromosome. The technique relies on exposing chromosomes to a small DNA ...

Faeces

Medical; Human genome

1) Excretion in semisolid state processed by the intestine. 2) The material discharged from the bowel during defecation. It consists of undigested food, intestinal mucus, epithelial cells, and ...

Gluconeogenesis

Medical; Human genome

1) The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. 2) Formation of glucose within the animal body from precursors other than carbohydrates ...

Fovea

Medical; Human genome

1) A small fossa. 2) A small rodless area of the retina that affords acute vision.

Genetic engineering

Medical; Human genome

1) Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, ...