Athenian statesman who was responsible for an important programme of constitutional reform in 508-507 BC. His programme encouraged local democracy throughout Attica and the reorganisation of citizens into new tribes, breaking down traditional regional alliances and allowing all citizens (numbering 45,000 men born free to two free Athenian parents) to focus their political energies on the city-state (polis) itself. These reforms paved the way for full democracy in 461 BC.