The concept was first outlined by Henderson and then elaborated by Parsons. From a sociological perspective illness can be regarded as a form of social deviance in which an individual adopts a specific role. This sick role has four major characteristics:

• The incumbent is exempted from normal social responsibilities.
• The sick person is not blamed for being sick.
• The person is expected to seek out competent professional help.
• The incumbent of a sick role is expected to comply with the regimen prescribed by a competent doctor.