Human genome

Human genome

The human genome consists of 23 chromosome and the small mitochondrial DNA. 22 of the 23 chromosomes are autosomal chromosome pairs and the last one being a gender-determining pair. In total, the human genome contains the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA and approximately 20,000-25,000 genes. By understanding human genome, scientists are able to develop new medical applications that can significantly advance the state of health care.

Industry: Biology; Medical

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Human genome

DNA repair

Medical; Human genome

The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective ...

DNA hybridization

Medical; Human genome

1) The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA or one each of DNA and RNA to form a double- stranded molecule. 2) Hybridization is the process of combining two complementary ...

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)

Medical; Human genome

Identification of mutations by electrophoresis of double-stranded DNA samples through a denaturing gradient, such as urea. Certain mutations affect the migration pattern by changing the point in the ...

Critical region

Medical; Human genome

The specific portion of a chromosome or a gene that, when altered in some way (deleted, duplicated, or otherwise mutated), produces the characteristic set of phenotypic abnormalities associated with ...

Cystine

Medical; Human genome

An amino acid (C 6 H 12 N 2 O 4 S 2 ) that is a dimer of cysteine, is widespread in proteins (as keratins), and is a major metabolic sulphur source.

Dendritic cell

Medical; Human genome

1) A special type of antigen-presenting cell (APC) that activates T lymphocytes. 2) Any of various antigen-presenting cells with long irregular processes.