Molecular biology

Molecular biology

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Molecular biology

Unfolded protein response (UPR)

Biology; Biochemistry

The cell's graded response to the presence of unfolded or misfolded proteins; initially, activation of the genes that support endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, then, if the system ...

Phosphoinositide cascade

Biology; Biochemistry

A series of events that is initiated extracellularly and leads via activation of phospholipase C to the liberation from membrane phospholipids of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, ...

Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer

Biology; Biochemistry

A device used to disrupt tissues. A cylindrical glass or hard polymer pestle rotates in a close-fitting tube and a suspension of the tissue particles is subjected to shearing forces as the pestle ...

Carbohydrate

Biology; Biochemistry

One of a class of biological materials comprising sugars, polymers of sugars, and compounds related to them. The name derives from the basic sugar structure, (CH 2 O) n . The category includes ...

Relaxation

Biology; Biochemistry

In kinetics and spectroscopy, the return to equilibrium of a macromolecule after a very brief perturbation of the environment, e.g. recovery of a protein from a sudden burst of energy that allows a ...

Peptidoglycan

Biology; Biochemistry

A polymer of bacterial cell walls that exhibits considerable species variation in structure. It is generally composed of a heterodisaccharide attached to a peptide; the carbohydrate moieties of ...

Opsonin

Biology; Biochemistry

An agent of the blood, especially of the complement system, which can react with by-products of cell damage and with foreign substances and particles, such as bacteria. Opsonization allows leukocytes ...